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Applications and Blog

Portable material analysis in practice

From material testing to batteries: typical fields for handheld XRF and LIBS.

01

Metals & steel

  • PMI
  • Quality control
  • Incoming inspection
  • Material testing

02

Recycling

  • Alloy sorting
  • Scrap sorting
  • Precious metals
  • Mixed metals

03

Precious metals

  • Gold
  • Silver
  • Platinum
  • Palladium

04

Automotive

  • Steel identification
  • Heat treatment
  • Carburising
  • Reverse engineering

05

Batteries

  • Li
  • Ni
  • Co
  • Mn
  • Cu
  • other elements
SciAps X-550 handheld XRF sorting scrap metal

From real measurement tasks

XRF practical examples

Specific tasks, measurement approaches and documented results from the supplied SciAps technical documents.

XRF · Geochemistry

01

Silver and critical elements in the field

Task
Determine low concentrations of silver, cadmium, tin, antimony, tellurium, barium and rare earth elements directly on geological samples.
Approach
The X555 excites the sample with a 55 kV X-ray tube, making higher-energy lines more useful than with a 50 kV handheld instrument.
X555

In the documented silver comparison, the X555 achieved a detection limit of 1–2 ppm, compared with 6–9 ppm for the X505.

XRF · NDT · PMI

02

Verifying alloys at incoming inspection

Task
Identify steels, stainless steels, nickel and aluminium alloys on site without sampling and prevent material mix-ups.
Approach
Handheld XRF measures phosphorus, sulphur and conventional alloying elements. Results can be documented as a grade identification or a PASS/FAIL decision.
X550OneBox

The test provides traceable material verification directly on the component; LIBS complements XRF for carbon and L/H grades.

XRF · Automation · Core logging

03

Automated mapping of drill core

Task
Analyse long intervals of drill core reproducibly and spatially assign elemental data to the core boxes.
Approach
An automated XRF system scans the core in its box. Measurements are transferred by API and can be combined with LIBS and Vis-NIR data.
XRFAutomationAPI

The documented GERDA workflow processes up to approximately 130 m of drill core in an eight-hour shift.

XRF · Recycling · Battery

04

Testing black mass and battery raw materials

Task
Rapidly determine nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron and other relevant elements in recycling and quality control.
Approach
XRF measures medium and heavy elements directly in black mass and process material. For lithium, it is combined with LIBS in the OneBox approach.
XRFOneBox

The combination enables rapid on-site assessment of valuable metals and complements the documented lithium PASS/FAIL test.

From real measurement tasks

LIBS practical examples

Specific tasks, measurement approaches and documented results from the supplied SciAps technical documents.

LIBS · Quality · Small parts

01

Measuring carbon in small components

Task
Test welding wire, fasteners, thin sheet and small-diameter pipe directly for carbon and distinguish L/H grades.
Approach
The Z902C+ focuses the laser onto a measurement area of approximately 50 µm. Its small aperture enables testing without special component adapters.
Z902C+LIBS

The document demonstrates direct separation of carbon-dependent grades such as 316L and 316H without collecting chips or sending samples to a laboratory.

LIBS · Mining · Lithium

02

Exploring lithium in pegmatites and claystones

Task
Determine lithium and important associated elements directly in the field for rapid assessment of geological samples.
Approach
The Z901 and Z903 analyse solid samples by handheld LIBS. The Z903's extended spectral range measures potassium and rubidium alongside lithium.
Z901Z903

For many solid samples, the application note reports lithium detection limits below 5 ppm with a typical test time of less than five seconds.

LIBS · Soil · Research

03

Predicting soil carbon and texture

Task
Rapidly assess organic carbon together with sand, silt and clay fractions in soil samples.
Approach
In the documented study, 305 European soil samples were measured with the Z903 and characteristic C, Si, Ca and K lines were evaluated.
Z903LIBS

Sand showed the lowest prediction error, followed by clay, silt and organic carbon; the method has potential for spatially resolved surveys.

LIBS · Surface · Coating

04

Analysing thin coatings and deposits

Task
Examine small surface areas, separate a thin deposit from the substrate and visualise elemental distributions.
Approach
Variable 2D grids up to 3 × 3 mm and individually evaluated laser pulses provide depth information; suitable standards also enable quantitative coating-thickness measurements.
Z903LIBS

The application note demonstrates qualitative point analysis, separation of coating and substrate, and heat maps of elemental distribution.

From the technical documents

Applications

Practical examples, measurement approaches and results from the supplied SciAps application documents and the soil-analysis research paper.

Automation · Geology

01

Automated core logging

XRF, LIBS and Vis-NIR combine elemental chemistry, light elements and mineralogy in one modular workflow.

  • Automated scanning directly in core boxes
  • API integration and combined evaluation of multiple sensors
  • Deployable in the field, core shed or on a mobile skid
XRFLIBSreveNIRAutomation

Up to approximately 130 m of core per eight-hour shift in the described GERDA workflow.

Data · Fleets

02

SciAps Cloud+

Measurements, reports, instrument configurations and calibration models are managed centrally across locations.

  • Automatic synchronisation and secure backup
  • PDF and CSV reports from connected analysers
  • Fleet management, live monitoring and remote updates
XRFLIBSCloud+

Measurement data is immediately available to teams for evaluation and traceability.

Mining · Lithium

03

Lithium exploration in the field

Handheld LIBS enables direct lithium measurement in pegmatites and claystones plus analysis of important associated elements.

  • Z901 for dedicated lithium analysis
  • Z903 with extended spectral range for Li, K, Rb and other elements
  • Factory or site-specific calibrations
Z901Z903

Detection limits below 5 ppm Li in many solid samples; typical test time below five seconds.

Soil · Research

04

Soil carbon and texture

A study of 305 European soil samples assessed handheld LIBS for predicting organic carbon, sand, silt and clay.

  • Rapid measurement directly on sample material
  • Evaluation of characteristic C, Si, Ca and K lines
  • Potential for large-scale, spatially resolved soil surveys
Z903LIBS

In the study, sand showed the lowest prediction error, followed by clay, silt and organic carbon.

Surface · Coating

05

Surface and coating analysis

Variable 2D grids and individually evaluated laser pulses make small areas, deposits and coatings accessible.

  • Qualitative elemental identification at individual surface points
  • Separation of a thin deposit from the substrate
  • Quantitative coating thickness measurement with suitable standards
Z903LIBS

Measurement grids up to 3 × 3 mm and heat maps of elemental distribution.

XRF · Geochemistry

06

55 kV XRF for critical elements

The X555's 55 kV excitation improves detection limits for critical metals, rare earths and pathfinder elements compared with 50 kV systems.

  • Improved sensitivity for Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te and Ba
  • REE analysis including La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm
  • Can be complemented by Z901/Z903 for Li, Be and B
X555

Ag example: documented detection limit of 1–2 ppm with X555 versus 6–9 ppm with X505.

Industry · PMI

07

NDT and positive material identification

XRF and LIBS complement each other in mobile material verification of steels, stainless, nickel and aluminium alloys.

  • LIBS for carbon, carbon equivalent and L/H grades
  • XRF for P, S and conventional alloying elements
  • Combined documentation of XRF and LIBS results
X550Z902C+OneBox

The right technology for each target element, without unnecessary compromise in PMI.

Quality · Small parts

08

Carbon in small components

Handheld LIBS tests welding wire, fasteners, thin sheet and small-diameter pipe directly on site.

  • Small aperture without special part adapters
  • Focused measurement area of approximately 50 µm
  • Separation of carbon-dependent grades such as 316L and 316H
Z902C+LIBS

Immediate on-site testing instead of collecting chips, shipping to a laboratory and waiting.

Recycling · Battery

09

Lithium battery recycling

Z903 and XRF support recycling and manufacturing from black mass to quality control of lithium compounds.

  • Li, Co, Ni, Mn, P, Fe and, if required, C in black mass
  • Pass/fail testing of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide
  • Rapid control without large laboratory equipment
Z903XRFOneBox

Documented assessment: pass above 17% Li, further testing at 15–17% Li, fail below 15% Li.

The information is a concise summary of the supplied documents. Measurement performance and suitability depend on sample, surface, matrix, calibration and measurement conditions.

Accessories

Test stands and lab units for stationary measurements

SciAps accessories turn the handheld into a stationary benchtop instrument: from the shielded XRF test stand with radiation shield cap and lead glass to the lab unit for the Z series. All information from the official SciAps test stand documents.

SciAps X-Series Test Station: XRF test stand with built-in interlock, fans and power supply

XRF test stand with radiation shielding

The XRF benchtop test stand enables stationary operation with built-in interlock, active and adjustable cooling fans and power supply. The shielded measuring chamber offers 110 × 80 × 110 mm (W × H × D) of interior space for small and medium parts.

Interior view of the shielded measuring chamber with sample holder
X-50/X-200X-5/X-505/X-550/X-555

Two versions for the two XRF housings: X-500 series or X-50/X-200.

Radiation shield cap with lead glass

The mini test stand (tubular test stand) for small parts offers an 82 mm interior diameter and 40 mm height. The radiation shield cap with lead-glass window allows visual inspection of the sample while the measurement is running – ideal for small parts such as fasteners, wire or turnings.

Radiation shield cap with lead-glass window of the SciAps mini test stand
X-5/X-505/X-550X-50/X-200

Important: not suitable for the X-555, as the shielding is insufficient there.

Z series: test stand for field use

For reproducible measurements outside the laboratory, the Z test stand holds the instrument in a stationary format – for example at the core box, sample pile or measuring table. One dedicated version per Z device.

SciAps Z test stand for field use with a Z instrument inserted
Z901Z902Z903

Stationary benchtop operation for Z-901, Z-902 and Z-903.

Lab unit for the Z series

The lab version of the test stand integrates the Z instrument firmly into a stable laboratory unit made of aluminium and steel – for permanent stationary operation in the lab, with a reproducible sample position and secure instrument mount.

SciAps Z test stand lab unit with a Z instrument inserted
Z-901Z-902Z-903

TS-DE903 is also suitable for the ReveNIR.

Information from the official SciAps documents on X- and Z-series test stands. Availability and accessory scope may vary by device and configuration; please refer to current SciAps documentation for binding information.

Downloads

Documents for download

Application notes, data sheets and guides as PDF.

Application note · LIBS

Sample preparation for carbon analysis

SciAps application note: how to prepare surfaces for reliable carbon measurements with the LIBS Z series.

PDF · 2 pages · 5,6 MB · EN

Application note · automation

Core logging with XRF, LIBS and NIR

SciAps application note: automated drill core analysis with XRF, LIBS and NIR technology for exploration and mining.

PDF · 2 pages · 3,8 MB · EN

Brochure · XRF

PowerHouse & X-5 – brochure

German brochure on the SciAps XRF instruments PowerHouse (PM/RoHS) and X-5: technology, applications and benefits.

PDF · 4 pages · 0,4 MB · DE

Brochure · software

SciAps Cloud – brochure

Brochure on SciAps Cloud: data management, fleet management and reporting for XRF and LIBS instruments.

PDF · 4 pages · 7,7 MB · EN

Application note · LIBS

Lithium exploration with Z901 and Z903

SciAps application note: field lithium exploration with the Z901 and Z903 handheld LIBS analysers.

PDF · 2 pages · 4,3 MB · EN

Brochure · XRF

X series – overview

Overview brochure of the SciAps XRF X series: models, performance data and applications at a glance.

PDF · 1 pages · 1,0 MB · DE

Application note · XRF

Surface analysis with handheld XRF

German application note: surface and coating analysis with portable X-ray fluorescence analysers.

PDF · 2 pages · 0,5 MB · DE

Brochure · PMI

NDT / PMI – materials testing

German brochure: non-destructive testing and positive material identification (PMI) with SciAps handheld analysers.

PDF · 4 pages · 3,5 MB · DE

Brochure · RoHS

RoHS screening with XRF

German brochure: RoHS compliance screening of electronics and plastics with handheld XRF.

PDF · 4 pages · 2,1 MB · DE

Application note · recycling

Lithium battery recycling

German application note: analysis of battery materials and black mass in lithium battery recycling.

PDF · 2 pages · 1,3 MB · DE

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